Which condition is characterized by a dog presenting with weak, neurologic signs and suspected hypoglycemia?

The condition characterized by a dog presenting with weak, neurologic signs and suspected hypoglycemia is insulinoma. Insulinoma is a tumor of the pancreas that secretes excessive insulin, leading to a significant drop in blood glucose levels, or hypoglycemia.

Weakness and neurologic signs in dogs can be direct consequences of low blood sugar. The brain relies heavily on glucose for energy, and when levels fall too low, it can result in confusion, lethargy, seizures, or even loss of consciousness. Recognizing hypoglycemia as a critical condition is essential for prompt treatment.

In contrast, anemia typically presents with weakness and lethargy due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity but is not primarily associated with hypoglycemic signs. Hyperadrenocorticism can lead to various complications but generally does not cause hypoglycemia; it often results in elevated glucose levels instead. Acute renal failure may cause weakness and lethargy due to toxin accumulation, but it is not directly related to hypoglycemia and the neurologic signs associated with it.

Thus, insulinoma stands out as the most relevant condition in this scenario, directly linking the observed symptoms of weakness and neurological disturbances to hypoglycemia.