Which two procedures are most critical when performing CPR in a neonatal calf?

The most critical actions to perform during CPR in a neonatal calf are cardiac compressions and establishing an airway. Cardiac compressions are essential because they help maintain blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs during cardiac arrest. The heart may not be able to effectively pump blood on its own, so compressions are necessary to support circulation.

Establishing an airway is equally vital because, without a clear airway, the calf cannot breathe, and any ongoing metabolic demand for oxygen will not be met. Securing an airway allows for effective ventilation, which is crucial for restoring respiratory function and addressing hypoxia.

While establishing venous access and administering drugs are important components of advanced resuscitation, they are typically secondary to ensuring that the heart is being adequately compressed and that the calf can breathe. The immediate focus during CPR should always be on providing basic life support, which emphasizes the heart and lungs.